Since these raw materials are also used as food, their heavy use to produce biofuel can lead to food shortage and increase in food price. In Brazil, 81% of BD is produced from soybean oil. In Europe, vegetable oil from these three crops makes up over 95% of BD production. Global production of BD from vegetable oil is almost completely based on three oil crops: oil palm, soybean, and rapeseed. Furthermore, BD is low-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral fuel, produces less sulphur, HC, and CO, and is an eco-friendly energy source. Among the alternate energy sources, biodiesel (BD) is a natural fuel originating from biomasses such as animal fat and vegetable oils and can be used without structural changes of the existing diesel engine.

Consequently, active research to develop alternate energy sources is underway around the world. Moreover, fossil fuels are limited and will be exhausted in the near future. However, global climate change, such as global warming and fine dusts caused by the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels, is threatening the human race. However, the output of biodiesel was lower than those of conventional diesel (CD) due to the low calorific value of biodiesel the NO x and CO 2 emissions of biodiesel were higher than those of CD, but the CO and HC emissions of biodiesel were lower.įossil fuels are currently the most important energy source, accounting for about 80% of all energy sources of the world. Experiment results on output performance and exhaust performance showed that the engine performance and exhaust performance of the fuel with reduced kinematic viscosity were higher than those of the untreated fuel. Kinematic viscosity reduction experiment results showed that the kinematic viscosity reduction effects of ultrasonic irradiation and heating were similar, but the heating device is considered more effective because it is simpler and cheaper than the ultrasonic device. The result shows that the optimum production conditions are a blend ratio of TASO3 (soybean oil to tallow blend ratio of 7:3) and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1. Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity reduction effects of biodiesel by using heating and ultrasonic irradiation were verified, and their impacts on engine performance and exhaust emissions were evaluated.

The optimum conditions for producing biodiesel by combining beef tallow, a waste resource with high saturated fatty acid content, and soybean oil, which has high unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated.

Kinematic viscosity testing size 650